Pakistan and India War 2025

 

Pakistan and India War and conflict 2025

 Pakistan India war of 2025 was a brief armed conflict that broke out between India and Pakistan on May  2025, following India's missile strikes on Pakistan, which were given the codename "Operation Sindoor."  India stated that the operation was a response to the Pahalgam attack on 22 April by militants in the Indian administered Kashmir killing 26 civilians, mostly tourists.   The attack intensified tensions between India and Pakistan as India accused Pakistan of supporting cross-border terrorism, which Pakistan denied.

Pakistan and India Conflict 2025 

 India claims that the militant groups Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba's camps and infrastructure were the targets of the missile strikes of Operation Sindoor, but no Pakistani military facilities were the targets.  According to Pakistan, the Indian strikes targeted civilian areas, including mosques, killing 31 Pakistani civilians.   Following these strikes, border skirmshes and drone strikes occurred between the two countries.   On 10 May, Pakistan launched an operation codenamed Operation Bunyan al-Marsus, targeting several Indian military bases.   India also continued Operation Sindoor in retaliation, broadening its scope to include Pakistani military installations. This conflict marked the first drone battle between the two nuclear-armed nations.

 Both India and Pakistan announced after three days of fighting that they had reached an agreement on a ceasefire, which would come into effect. PKT on May 10 and scheduled talks for May 12. Following the deadline, both countries accused each other of violating the ceasefire agreement.

 •  2025 India–Pakistan standoff: The crisis began on 23 April 2025, as an Islamic terrorist attack took place in the Baisaran Valley of Jammu and Kashmir.   In the attack 25 Hindu tourists, one Christian tourist and one local Muslim were killed along with over 20 others injured.   The attack was initially claimed by the Resistance Front (TRF), a splinter group affiliated with Lashkar-e-Taiba, a Pakistan-based organization designated as a terrorist group by the United Nations. In response, India accused Pakistan of backing cross-border terrorism.   After that, India terminated the Indus Waters Treaty, suspended visas, closed its borders, and called back Pakistani diplomats.  Pakistan denied the allegations and responded with trade restrictions, closure of airspace and border crossings, and suspension of the Simla Agreement.   India's Cabinet Committee on Security  also strongly urged Indian citizens to avoid traveling to Pakistan, and called on those currently in the country to return at the earliest opportunity.

 Risk of nuclear conflict:

 The nuclear conflict between both countries is of passive strategic nature with nuclear doctrine of Pakistan stating a first strike policy, although the strike would only be initiated if and only if, the Pakistan Armed Forces are unable to halt an invasion (as for example in 1971 war) or a nuclear strike is launched against Pakistan, whereas India has a declared policy of no first use.   According to a peer-reviewed study published in the journal Nature Food in August 2022, a nuclear war between India and Pakistan could kill more than 2 billion indirectly by starvation during a nuclear winter.

 • Pokhran- On 18 May 1974 India detonated an 8-kiloton nuclear device at Pokhran Test Range, becoming the first nation to become nuclear capable outside the five permanent members of United Nations Security Council as well as dragging Pakistan along with it into a nuclear arms race.   Pakistani prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto had promised in 1965 that "if India builds the bomb, we will eat grass or leaves, even go hungry, but we will get one of our own", and India's Pokhran-I test spurred the Pakistani nuclear weapons program to greater efforts.   The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Chairman Munir Ahmed Khan said that the test would force Pakistan to test its own nuclear bomb.

 • Kirana-I: In the 1980s, PAEC, led by chairman Munir Ahmad Khan, carried out a series of 24 distinct cold tests in complete secrecy. The tunnels at Kirana Hills, Sargodha, are reported to have been bored after the Chagai nuclear test sites, it is widely believed that the tunnels were constructed sometime between 1979 and 1983.   As in Chagai, the tunnels at Kirana Hills had been bored and then sealed and this task was also undertaken by PAEC's DTD.   Later due to excessive US intelligence and satellite focus on the Kirana Hills site, it was abandoned and nuclear weapons testing was shifted to the Kala Chitta Range.

 • Pokhran-II : On 11 May 1998 India detonated another five nuclear devices at Pokhran Test Range.   International sanctions were imposed as a result of this test, with Pakistan's most vehement response being the most enthusiastic. This was met with jubilation and widespread approval from Indian society.  Great ire was raised in Pakistan, which issued a stern statement claiming that India was instigating a nuclear arms race in the region.   Pakistan vowed to match India's nuclear capability with statements like: "We are in a headlong arms race on the subcontinent".

 • Chagai-I: (Youm-e-Takbir) Within half a month of Pokhran-II, on 28 May 1998 Pakistan detonated five nuclear devices to reciprocate India in the nuclear arms race.   The Pakistani public, like the Indian, reacted with a celebration and a heightened sense of nationalism for responding to India in kind and becoming the only Muslim nuclear power.   The day was later given the title Youm-e-Takbir to further proclaim such.

 •  Chagai-II: Two days later, on 30 May 1998, Pakistan detonated a sixth nuclear device completing its own series of underground tests with this being the last the two nations have carried out to date.